Essay on The French Revolution - 6694 Words

Creating a new Society 14 July 1789 to 9 Thermidor II,(27 July 1794) (snapshot Napoleonic France 1804) According to Joseph Weber, foster brother of Queen Antoinette, there were three primary causes of the French revolution the disorder of the finances, the state of mind, and the war in America. The disorder in the finances acknowledged that the bankruptcy of the monarchy opened the doors to defiance of the Kings authority. The greatest single cause of the revolution was the economic crisis, which forced the King to recall the redundant Estates General which had not been called since 1614, which opened the debate for people to make complaints with the current system through the cahiers of the three Estates. The state of mind†¦show more content†¦In the Ancien Regime authority had been deriven from g-d and the king. ** The Declaration primarily appealed to bourgeois (and nobility) spread to proletariat via propaganda (see Townson pg.43) POWER STRUCTURE - NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (June 1789 - 30 September 1792) - deputies based the writing of the constitution on the Declaration of Rights of man - deputies saw the reluctance of the King to accept the changes that were taking place - and decided that he should have a suspensive veto - *at this point no one considered abolishing the monarch completely and setting up a republic - it was decided that Legislative power reside in the National Assembly - over the next year went about reorganising French govt., laws, finances, and economy LOCAL GOVERNMENT - deputies wanted to make sure power was decentralised, passing from the central govt. in Paris to local authorities - making it more difficult for King to recover the power he had before - wanted the elected representatives to be responsible to those who elected them - already the principles of the Declaration of Rights were being undermined, as citizens were divided into active and passive citizens. - Only active citizens who paid the equivalent of three days labour in taxes, voted for the municipal officials, those who did not earn that amount from wages were not allowed to vote and known as passive -Show MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And French Revolutions2006 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. In North America they rebelled against rule from a foreign power, they wantedRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas an old fortress that had served as a royal prison and in which gunpowder was stored. This will be the place where Parisian crowds will lay siege on and use the gunpowder for their weapons, and this will become a great turning point in the French Revolution. 3) The Great Fear was the vast movement that the peasant insurgency of sacking nobles’ castles and burning documents would blend into. This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasants

Tesco.Com as an Online Distribution Channel - 1451 Words

Tesco PLC is an international grocery and general merchandise retailer based in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. Tesco is the worlds third biggest retailer after Wal-Mart and Carrefour (1), and the largest in the U.K. with a market share of over 30%, about twice the market share of its two closest competitors combined. Tesco was founded in 1919 as a brick and mortar business (2) and it would remain as such until 1996 when the company launched its online delivery service. However, it was not until 2000 that Tesco.com was formally established as the platform for online ordering. This case discusses and analyses how Tesco started online-grocery-retailing as a new distribution channel for its business, as well as the challenges, milestones, and†¦show more content†¦(3). Tesco also offered convenience to their customers by making the transition from the brick and mortar experience to the online experience as smooth as possible. When customers registered into the online system, they were encouraged to key in their Tesco Clubcard number which allowed the system to identify the customer’s most frequently bought items (in physical stores) and then suggest those items for their online shopping cart. By doing this Tesco was not only offering its customers convenience, but it was also providing them with an incentive to get the Tesco Clubcard which in turn would increase customer loyalty. An additional benefit of having customers use the Tesco Clubcard was that it allowed the company to track how many online shoppers were also frequent Tesco (physical) store shoppers, and this would in turn help the company gather useful data to analyze performance metrics to compare and contrast the two distribution channels. Once Tesco.com was up and running, the company still had challenges to overcome and decisions to be made in order to become successful in the unproven business of online grocery retailing. First, as the company saw how much more powerful the internet was com pared to phone and catalog ordering, Tesco decided to drop these two inefficient ordering methods and makeShow MoreRelatedAssignment : Pick And Pack Strategy Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment. A suitable warehouses management is the vital basis to carry out efficient pick and pack services. Nowadays, nearly all online supermarket chains in the UK owns the mega warehouses to pick and pack orders, some ‘bricks and mortar† companies operate package services both in physical stores and warehouses like Tesco. In the information age, the competition between online leading supermarkets is increasingly impetuously, the warehouse management is not simply filling the function of storage andRead MoreTesco - Information System Strategy3536 Words   |  15 Pages5/6/2012 TESCO.COM: INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY IN CHANGING COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT Report by MALVIYA Nikita SEKARAN Krish-bharadwaj NALLIANNAN Arun HERNANDEZ Cesar Class: MIB-32 Option : Changing competitive environment and E-Business Instructor: Federico Pigni TESCO.COM: INFORMATION SYSTEM STRATEGY IN CHANGING COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT 0 Comment Form for Assessed Work Section One Name (s) To be completed by the student Please tick as appropriate MBA FT MALVIYA Nikita ...................Read MoreTesco vs. Webvan: Grocery Companies Leveraging the Internet1178 Words   |  5 Pagesfragmented and enormously competitive environment and there are currently several examples of grocery companies that are making effective use of the internet as a link with customers (Delaney-Klinger, 2003). In particular, Tesco currently have internet channels for selling groceries that are profitable (Hall, 2001; Koller, 2001). During the late 1990’s many new companies were set up to utilise the perceived advantages from using the internet in business, however, with their rapid rise and fall they soonRead MoreStrategic Management of Tesco1762 Words   |  8 Pagesexternal environment analysis and companys analysis of resources, competence and culture. Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. It provides online services through its subsidiary, Tesco.com. The UK is the companys largest market, where it operates under four banners of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Many Tesco stores have gas stations, becoming one of Britains largest independent petrol retailers. TheRead MoreThe Marketing Strategies And Framework Implemented By Tesco Plc1490 Words   |  6 PagesTesco avail of economies of scale which allow them to reduce general and operational costs. 5.3 Place Tesco offer two channels of distribution to their customers: stores and online via Tesco.com. Tesco online has made shopping more convenient for consumer and offers a number of savings. It has also reduced Tesco’s operational costs significantly. The second channel of distribution is the Tesco stores. Tesco offer a number of different store types in order to appeal to specific consumers such as TescoRead MoreInternet Marketing1470 Words   |  6 Pagescompeting with larger business. Internet marketing may be used for business to business or business to consumer environment (Chaffey et al., 2003). Location-free and lower cost of retailing on Internet has encouraged many retailers to have an online presence. This has given rise to two types of retail brands, entirely new and internet dependent, ‘Cyber Brands’ and other which are supported by market based presence called ‘Extension Brands’. Physical absence from the market and lack of consumerRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Tesco Plc9562 Words   |  39 PagesTesco is the largest and most profitable supermarket chain in Great Britain, which sells food and non-food items. Currently it controls over 30% of the grocery market in the UK. In 2011, the supermarket chain announced over  £2.55 billion in profit. (Tesco.com 2012). The company possesses approximately 2979 stores, throughout United-Kingdom, which include: Extras stores, Superstores, Metro stores, Express stores and homeplus stores which together employ 500,000 persons. Tesco is the largest UK retailerRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Tesco Plc9548 Words   |  39 PagesTesco is the largest and most profitable supermarket chain in Great Britain, which sells food and non-food items. Currently it controls over 30% of the grocery market in the UK. In 2011, the supermarket chain announced over  £2.55 billion in profit. (Tesco.com 2012). The company possesses approximately 2979 stores, throughout United-Kingdom, which include: Extras stores, Superstores, Metro stores, Express stores and homeplus stores which together employ 500,000 persons. Tesco is the largest UK retailerRead MoreTesco Company Culture4494 Words   |  18 Pagesinternational retailer which is  based essentially in Great Britain but also in China, Republic  Czech, Hungary, Japan ... It means this firm is as well  in Europe, Asia and the United States. It represents 3 956 stores and  over 440 000 employees worldwide (Tesco.com, 2009). In the context of globalization it is  therefore appeared vital for TESCO to develop a corporate culture and an  organization for the various stores located in different countries. But how the company can have good performance as we know itRead MoreTesco and Its Strategic Marketing Strategies Essay3591 Words   |  15 Pageshomeplus and Tesco metro operates over 1,800 stores and employs over 260,000 people i n the UK. A variety of products such as groceries, non-food articles (home entertainment, clothing, health and beauty etc.), financial services, telecom and online services (Tesco.com) are offered by the market leader. Since the 1990s, Tesco has been expanding in markets particular in Europe and Asia to grow its potential further, but for the purpose of the report the focus will only be on Tesco in the UK (Tesco Plc 2007)

Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the...

â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† The humanistic movement was established as a way to expand and improve upon the two other schools of thought; behaviourism and psychoanalysis, which had, up until the first half of the 20th century dominated psychology. An American theorist called Abraham Maslow began to research creativity in humans through art and science. He first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation†. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, for example food and shelter, while the more complex needs are†¦show more content†¦The pressure to conform can be immense. As a result, because we have a deep need to feel valued, we tend to deny to our awareness those of our inner experiences that we believe will not be acceptable. Originally described as non-directive, this form of therapy moved away from the idea that the counsellor was the expert and towards a theory that trusted the actualising tendency of clients to find their own personal potential. The term ‘actualising tendency’ is one which Rogers uses to describe the human urge to grow, to develop, and to reach maximum potential. It is directional and present in all living things, but can sometimes be suppressed. The person-centred therapist aims to provide an environment in which the client does not feel under threat or judgement. This enables the client to experience and accept more of who they are as a person, and reconnect with their own values. The client is then able to let down their defences and gain a better perception of themselves. This environment is achieved when being in a therapeutic relationship with someone who demonstrates the three essential characteristics: empathy, congruence and respect. The nature of the relationship is crucial for the success of therapy. Although therapy in a person-centred manner does not have as much structure as s ome other methods, it is a highly effective way of encouraging personal growth. Person-centred therapy sees the individual as a whole, and one aspect central to development is theShow MoreRelatedEvaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients2368 Words   |  10 PagesFor this essay I have been asked to Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. In order to do this, I plan to firstly look at the theory of person-centred therapy, examining its roots and fundamental principles. Secondly, I will look at key criticisms of the model and evaluate the â€Å"weight† of such criticisms. Underlying Theory of Person-Centred Counselling The Person-Centred approach to counselling was pioneered by Carl RogersRead More‘Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients.2461 Words   |  10 Pagestitle: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients.’ The Person Centred approach is based upon the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers. This approach in its set-up is familiar to the general public as it is depicted in the media and is often expected therefore that a counselling session would take place in this format. At first glance the counselling process which has derived from the theory of Rogers, in a real therapy situationRead More‘’Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients‘’.2560 Words   |  11 PagesIndisputably, in recent years there has been an influx in people seeking therapy for a multitude of reasons relating to personal growth, marital or family conflict and work dissatisfaction to name a few. One of the recognized theories of counselling today was developed by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and although this new approach to psychotherapy ran contrary to the theories dominant at the time, person-centred therapy is considered one of the major therapeutic approaches nowadaysRead MorePerson centred therapy2630 Words   |  11 Pages 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. In this essay I will look at the benefits and the disadvantages of person-centred therapy and consider whether it provides sufficient tools for the therapist to be effective in the treatment of the client. Looking at the underlying theory (self-actualisation, organismic self, conditions of worthRead MoreEssay 1 Person Centred Therapy2836 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Introduction In this essay I will look at the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Firstly, I will outline what Person-Centred therapy is and look at what its originator, Carl Rogers’, theories behind this approach are. I will then discuss some of the criticisms that have been made about Person-Centred Therapy, and weigh themRead More‘’Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centered Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients’’2428 Words   |  10 Pages– Essay 2396 words Course code: ‘’Evaluate the claim that Person-centered therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’’ This essay is intended to explore the statement that Person-centered therapy offers therapists all they need to treat clients. In order to do this I intend to further explore the opinions of other individuals practicing and researching counseling therapies. My first thoughts are that if the Person centered approach was sufficient, there mightRead MoreEvaluate the Claim That Person Centered Therapy Offers Tthe Therapist All That He/She Need to Treat Clients2987 Words   |  12 PagesYear Two - Module one | Tutor | Jackie Smith | Essay Title / Work | â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† | Word Count | 2723 | INTRODUCTION My aim is to explore Carl Rogers theory that Person Centred Therapy was a complete system for therapists to offer help in a counselling way to clients presenting with a full variety of issues. I will do this by establishing my understandingRead MoreModels of Counselling Within My Context2989 Words   |  12 Pagesways, and different forms of helping people. Helping others could make another person feel better either inside, or about them self. ‘Helping’ is one of those taken for granted words. It is a familiar part of our vocabulary. Traditionally, for example, social workers, youth workers and support workers, guidance counsellors and psychologist have been talked about as members of the helping professions. The question, do you need some help? Should be part of our daily business as informal and formal educatorsRead Moreexplore the behavioral and humanistic theory6235 Words   |  25 Pagesoperant conditioning and all behavior is learnt from the environment. One of the early pioneers of humanistic psychology was Abraham Maslow; he established the hierarchy levels of needs and believed that by achieving the needs in the correct order would allow individuals to become self-actualized. However, Carl Rogers a psychologist and father of Client–centered theory felt that in addition to Maslow’s hierarchical needs, in order for someone to achieve self-actualization they need to be in a positiveRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 Pageshealth and social care or children and young people s settings (M1) 62 Working in partnership in health and social care or children and young people s settings (M2c) 66 Understand child and young person s development (MU5.2) 68 Lead practice that supports positive outcomes for child and young person development (MU5.3) 72 Develop and implement policies and procedures to support the safeguarding of children and young people (MU5.4) 75 Lead and manage group living for children (P4) 77 Lead and manage

Taking Adalimumab For Rheumatoid Arthritis - 2180 Words

Taking adalimumab for Rheumatoid Arthritis This newsletter is designed to help practising pharmacists understand the application of the basis sciences to practice concerning adalimumab. Lots of practical advice is based on pharmaceutical sciences but once you enter practice it can be hard to remember or find out the basis of why we advise patients in specific ways or why you or other health professionals should handle medicines in certain ways. An effective anti-TNF Adalimumab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFÃŽ ±) drug used for the treatment of Rheumatic disease, specifically rheumatoid arthritis (Joint Formulary Committee., 2014). Basics of Rheumatoid Arthritis and its treatments. Around 70% of arthritis sufferers in the UK have rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Women are also more likely to develop RA than men, and commonly affects adults between ages 50 and 60. This condition is characterised by an insidious onset of pain, swelling of joints and morning stiffness. Arthritis is caused by inflammation of the synovial tissue of the joints, supposedly triggered by the presence of autobodies such as rheumatoid factors. The first line treatment for RA is a combination of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). These slow down the progression of RA and treatment typically includes methotrexate in combination with another DMARD (e.g. sulphasalazine). Short term glucocorticoids are also used with DMARDS to manage flares of inflammation. Anti-TNF drugsShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Dormant Form Of Tuberculosis ( Tb )832 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ A huge caution associated with the use of adalimumab is its ability to reactivate, or make one more susceptible to infection. This is because it inhibits TNFÃŽ ± which plays a role in the fighting of infections. Reactivating the dormant form of tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious adverse reactions in those taking adalimumab. Consequently, patients are assessed for tuberculosis before being offered adalimumab. Other infections include septicaemia and hepatitis B. As a generalRead MoreRheumatoid Arthritis Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagescriteria for identifying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) earlier in the disease progression was developed by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 2010 to allow for earlier intervention and treatment strategies therefore improving outcomes (Aletaha et al., 2010; de Hair et al., 2012; Villeneuve, 2013; Wasserman, 2011). This paper will explore prevention and treatment strategies for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid Arthritis Prevention StrategiesRead MoreCaring For Pregnant Women With Autoimmune Diseases2310 Words   |  10 Pagesceliac disease, irritable bowel disease, type one diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. When counseling these women with regards to medication use during pregnancy, it is important to weigh the potential adverse effects and risks of the medication with the potential risk of having the disease left untreated. By researching common medications used to treat celiac disease, irritable bowel disease, type one diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis (like DMRDS, NSAIDS, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and insulin)Read MoreManagement Of Rheumatoid Arthritis And Gout2211 Words   |  9 Pages Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout Stanley Osuagwu Florida International University Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterize by symmetric polyarthritis and joint changes including erythema, effusion and tenderness. Its course is characterize by remission and exacerbations. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect several organ, but usually involve synovial tissue changes in the freely movable joints like the wrist, the PIP joint, the metacarpophalangealRead MorePodiatry Rhuematoid Arthritis8124 Words   |  33 Pages Introduction Throughout this essay I shall critique the available evidence regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA); particularly concerning the conclusions on its aetiology, diagnosis techniques, pharmacological management, physical therapeutics and surgical treatment interventions. I shall explore the expected prognosis and the key developments we can expect in the future. Aetiology and Prevalence RA is a chronic, systemic and inflammatory disease that progressively impacts peripheral jointsRead MoreChapter 65 Nursing Management Arthritis And Connective Tiss5879 Words   |  24 PagesChapter 65: Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which finding will the nurse expect when assessing a 58-year-old patient who has osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee? a. Discomfort with joint movement b. Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes c. Redness and swelling of the knee joint d. Stiffness that increases with movement ANS: A Initial symptoms of OA include pain with joint movement. Heberden’s nodules occur on the fingers. Redness of the joint is moreRead MoreCrohn s Disease And Disease3608 Words   |  15 PagesDisease. most commonly used immunosuppressant drugs are azathioprine (Imuran) and mercaptopurine (Purinethol). Patients taking these drugs must be followed closely by their physicians with frequent blood testing to check for negative side effects. In addition to the aforementioned drugs, methotrexate (Rheumatrex), a drug usually prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, some forms of cancer and psoriasis is sometimes prescribed for people suffering from Crohn’s Disease who do not respond well

How Is Resolution Achieved in Othello free essay sample

Othello is a masterpiece, a compelling tragedy that can be interpreted in many ways, by many different people. It is compelling as it breaks the racial stereotypes and focuses on gender, power, love, sexuality race and violence of the Elizabethan time, compared to modern society. Since the film’s production, many attempts to re-contextualise Othello into more accessible contemporary issues have been made. We, as the audience, are challenged to new ways of reading and interpreting the text through different critical approaches. A New historicist and a feminist reading are applied to Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy, Othello. A new historicist critical reading of Othello is primarily interested in exploring the underlying ideologies evident in the text. Hence, new historicists examine both the implicit and explicit activities to racial digression represented in Othello. Shakespeare’s contemporaries are aware of race and differences, and it can affect the way of someone’s race position. We will write a custom essay sample on How Is Resolution Achieved in Othello? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Othello partly understands himself as someone who is needed and necessary to Venetian, that the state needs him. In some ways, the image of himself is more important to him than anything to do with his relationship with Desdemona. He is unaware and unselfconscious of the fact that he is black, an outsider and has an alien origin. He was always effortlessly in charge. He had such power and authority that he never had to think twice about the image of himself. However, In Act 1 Scene 1 of the play, Othello’s simple virtues stand no chance against Iago’s master of deception. The play opens with Iago proclaiming his hatred for Othello. Iago has been passed up for a promotion, which went to a less experienced man. Othello, whom is Iago’s master, has made this decision, which Iago obviously does not agree with. His hatred may have started on a professional level, but in part due to Othello’s heritage, Iago’s contempt quickly deteriorates to racism. This brings about a reoccurring paradox in Othello. While an extremely powerful man in a political context, his race makes him inferior in a white man’s society. Iago is able to trick his master and manipulate him on a consistent basis. As Iago and Brabantio’s conversation develops, it becomes clear they both despise Othello, and will do anything to bring him down. Racist comments are made to Othello, bringing it to his attention that he is actually different. At this stage, he becomes aware of this, and loses any self confidence he has. â€Å"Your son-in-law is far more fair than black† â€Å"When devils will the blackest sins put on†. As the play continues and eventually comes to an end, Othello grows less in control of himself, and is very vulnerable. He doubts himself, and is continuously contradicted by Iago to bring down his reputation. He starts believing his loyal wife Desdemona is having an affair on him, because he is black, and puts himself down because of this. â€Å"Haply for I am black, and have not those soft parts of conversation that chambers have. † It follows therefore, how a new historicist critical interpretation of Othello can be useful in exposing some of the attitudes, values and beliefs of Shakespeare’s Elizabethan audience. Racism is an issue in Othello, a story of black versus white, and deals with the idea of a black hero and a white nemesis. Whilst a new historicist critical reading can be interpreted, the play also implies a feminist critical reading interpretation. A feminist reading is essentially focused upon how gender assumptions, particularly those associated with women, operate in the reading of a text, and how the text sustains and challenges patriarchal structures and the submissive roles of women. Othello serves as an example to demonstrate the imbalance of power compared with men, the beliefs associated with women’s roles and also the men’s perspective. There are only three women in ‘Othello’: Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca. The way that these women behave and conduct themselves is undeniably linked to the ideological expectations of Shakespeare’s Elizabethan society and to the patriarchal Venetian society that he creates. Women in Othello are presented in the play as women as possessions, women as submissive, and women as ‘whores’ Following his hearing of Brabantio’s complaint and Othello’s defence, the Duke eventually grants permission for Desdemona to accompany Othello to Cyprus. Othello speaks to his ensign Iago, ironically describing him as a man of ‘honesty and trust’, informing the Duke that ‘To his conveyance I assign my wife’ Desdemona, as Othello’s wife, is treated as his possession: he implies that she is a commodity to be guarded and transported. Othello’s fear of Desdemona’s sexuality erupts into slanderous abuse on a number of occasions. He refers to her as ‘whore’, a ‘subtle whore’ and a ‘cunning whore’, in addition to multiple references to her as a ‘strumpet’. Bianca is described by Iago as a ‘housewife’ and ‘strumpet’ although there is no evidence to suggest that she actually is a prostitute. This is not to say, however, that the women of the play fail to question men at all. As Emilia talks to Desdemona at the end of Act IV, Emilia is fairly damming in her opinion of men. In a speech, Emilia argues that women are physically no different to men. ‘Let husbands know, their wives have sense like them; they see and smell,aAnd have their palates both for sweet and sour as husbands have’ In conclusion, it is therefore evident that resolution is achieved at the end of the play Othello, through different ways of reading the text. It is apparent that both a Feminist and a New Historicist reading can be adopted.

Supplying Accounting Auditing and Consulting Services

Question: Discuss about the Supplying Accounting Auditing and Consulting Services. Answer: Introduction: Arthur Andersen was former partner of Randolf Wein( deputy chairperson and CEO), Justin Gardner (director) Dominic fedora(finance director). In past decade from auditing of HIH books other services, Andersen earned millions of dollar. So after the collapse of HIH the investors and client funds recovery depends on Andersen. On HIH failure to date aside sufficient to make future claim Andersen's new that HIH provision for liability from 1999 to 2000 was problematic (CronjeÃÅ' -Retief 2000). Arthar Andersen was the former partner of Randolf Wein ( deputy chairperson and CEO), Justin Garedner (director) Dominic fedora(finance director). In past decade from auditing of HIH books other services, Andersen earned millions of dollar. So after the collapse of HIH the investors and client funds recovery depends on Andersen. On HIH failure to date aside sufficient to make future claim Andersen's new that HIH provision for liability from 1999 to 2000 was problematic was originate guilty of blocking just for the devastation for job pages (Saxena et al. 2010). Andersen moves towards in the audit of occurred in 1999 and 2000. It was inadequately precise to provoke in users assurance as to the liability of HISs financial statements. In September HIH share price has fallen sharply during 2000 which happens with an arrangement of deprived financial result as well as major benefit sales (Financial statements 2013). Then in the fund recovery of the client and creditors, Andersen was not involved, and the HIS crops after 2000 when he was not in the auditors. What conditions need to exist for a negligence action to be upheld? A person is careless if he fails to put into effect his duty to the person or their property .for negligence claim to upheld one must establish casual collection and actual loss and his duty of care. A person acts his measured against that of a reasonably careful in similar circumstances. To defend negligence in case of business by attacking negligence elements like asserting that it acted by the requisite standard of care. Ethics, the HIH board of directors, includes three former partners of the audit firm Arthur Andersen. In the past decade, Andersens has earned more than $8 million from auditing HIH books and $7 million for other services. Why would HIH have wanted to hire prior members of its external audit team? His insurance limited was a top listed company in Australia. HIS share price had fallen to the year preceding the termination of trading (Parke 2008). That was occurred just for an arrangement of significant asset sales as well as poor financial results for developing the balance sheet positions and also the insurance claims throughout 2000; HIH initially paid $1.7 million with the auditors under auditing services as well as $1.631 million for the earlier of consult service. The HIH high-risk areas of national marine disaster with the extremely spirited workers recompense insurance market. HIH lose it high-risk areas. Extensive employee compensation claimed as a result enlarging the price of claim the insurance (Fier and Liebenberg 2014). So to handle this situation HIH intended to hire its former members of his audit team for auditing service and provision of consulting services. The role of the auditors and senior management in the growth of the company is to improve. What are the advantages of having the same firm provide both the auditing and consulting services? The HIS insurance limited temporary liquidators were selected with the company on March 15. After this, the company contained a standard loss of $800 million. The difficulty experienced by HIH due to their policy regarding potential margin so having same firm providing auditing and consulting service would be fruitful for the growth of the companies (Lin et al. 2008). So Andersen was the firm of the audit, and the consultancy services are three former directors and chairperson of HIH. The auditors of HIH and FIA were miss lead by the executive by the company and made mistakes and did insufficient work before signing the accounts. If a company fails then, the auditors must have been had a fault. Indicate whether these circumstances represent a violation of ethical standards and give reasons for your answer. HIS insurance limited changes to board of directors six times and there was no appropriate recommendation for those changes, and there is a big question for the independence of the auditors. Tough difficulties were experienced where other companies change their margins but HIS is choosing the traditional margin instead of to adopt a reinsurance process. And the share price was falling due to the poor financial result and significant asset shell. Outline the primary recommendations for audit reform proposed by the Ramsay Report and CLERP 9. What impacts do you feel these changes will have on the practice of auditing? Ramsay report was unconfined on September in 2002. His primary purpose for introducing this is to reconsider breathing requirements with self-government of auditors as well as to make suitable recommendations for changing of those requirements (Gadgieva 2015). Its one more before findings of the royal commissions CLERP 9 is The Corporate Law and Economic Reform Program passed in June of 2004. His proposal with Ramsay report on the audit was reform. The situation for Andersen with the following collapse of Enron on January in 2002 Andersen was also the firm of audit and consulting team, who was found guilty of destruction of work papers to obstructing justice (Bainbridge and Bainbridge 2009). The result of the auditing profession has been a major review. Andersen approach to the audit in 1999 2000 was rigorous to engender to the reliability of HIHs financial statement. References Bainbridge, S. and Bainbridge, S. (2009).Corporate law. New York, N.Y.: Foundation Press. CronjeÃÅ' -Retief, M. (2000).The legal liability of hospitals. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Fier, S. and Liebenberg, A. (2014). The Market for Directors and Officers Insurance.Risk Management and Insurance Review, 17(2), pp.215-239. Financial statements. (2013). London: BPP Learning Media Ltd. Gadgieva, P. (2015). Financial Result: Transformation of the Concept.Auditor, 1(11), pp.45-53. Lin, M., Choy, H., Cooper, W. and Chang, H. (2008). The Sarbanes-Oxley act and the production efficiency of public accounting firms in supplying accounting auditing and consulting services: an application of data envelopment analysis.International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), p.3. Parke, I. (2008).The liquidator. [Darlington]: [Bad-press.co.uk]. Saxena, R., Srinivas, K., Rai, U. and Rai, S. (2010).Auditing. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House.